Pollux (β Gem) - With a brightness of 1.14 mag, it is the 17th brightest star in the sky. It surpasses the brightness of the Sun by a factor of 33, and its diameter is 9 times larger. Unlike Kastor, Pollux is orange-red and has a spectral class of K0. Its distinctive shade can be seen with the naked eye. It is located at a distance of 34 light years.
Kastor (α Gem) - Although Pollux is slightly brighter, the star designated as Kastor (the 23rd brightest star in the sky) is represented by the Greek letter alpha. It has a magnitude of 1.5 and is located 51 light-years away from Earth. In addition, it is known as a multiple star system. The primary component has a magnitude of 1.9 and is overall 22 times more luminous than the Sun, while the companion reaches a magnitude of 2.9. They orbit each other around a common center of gravity every 445 years. The angular separation of the pair has been relatively small in recent years, reaching a minimum of 1.9" in 1970. Since then, it has gradually increased, allowing these blue components to be resolved even with a small telescope. In 1985, their separation was 2.6", and by 2017, it had increased to 6".
Tejat Prior (η Gem) - Red giant, a bright semi-regular variable star with a magnitude change from 3.1 to 3.9 in a period of approximately 223 days. It has a companion with a magnitude of 8.8 at a distance of 1.4". A good comparison star is μ Gem. It is located at a distance of 700 light years.
Wasat (δ Gem) - A binary star distinguishable by a small telescope. The primary star has a magnitude of 3.5 and the companion has a magnitude of 8.2, with an orbital period of approximately 1,200 years. In 1985, the companion was 6" away from the primary star, making it observable with a telescope with a 6 cm objective diameter. By the year 2000, their mutual separation had decreased to 5.8". Even so, it is not a problem for a 200 mm telescope, in which we can also see their yellow or light blue color.
Mekbuda (ζ Gem) - One of the brightest Cepheids in the sky: the main yellow star changes its brightness in the range of 3.6mag to 4.1mag with a period of 10.15 days. Suitable comparison stars are κ (3.57mag) and υ Gem (4.07mag). One companion is located at a separation of 96" and has a brightness of 8mag, the second one is observed 87" away and has a brightness of 11mag. However, they are only optically companions. Mekbuda pulsates from a distance of 1120 light years.
38 Gem - The companions have a brightness of 4.7 mag and 7.7 mag and orbit each other once every approximately 3,190 years. At the turn of the century, their mutual separation was approximately 7.1", which can be comfortably separated by a telescope with an 8 cm objective diameter. One has a yellow color, the other has a light blue color.
R Gem - Variable star of the Mira Ceti type, its brightness varies in the range of 6-14mag with a period of 370 days. It is located near the star δ Gem.