Williamina Fleming discovered IC 435 = HN 59 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888 and noted "Nebulosity surrounding DM -2°1350." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). Photographs taken with the Bache telescope, a photographic 8-inch f/5.5 doublet, covering 10 degrees square, were examined by Fleming with a magnifying glass.

300/350mm - 13.1" (1/18/85): at 88x with OIII filter (wrong filter to use) appears as a very faint and difficult circular nebulosity surrounding mag 8.3 SAO 132478. Located 20' ESE of bright NGC 2023.

600/800mm - 24" (1/1/19): at 200x; bright reflection nebula surrounding mag 8.3 38087, large, round, 3' to 4' diameter, moderately high surface brightness, seems brighter close to the star, though this may be due to glare. Located 20' ESE of NGC 2023.

Notes by Steve Gottlieb